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Oops, science is POWERFUL!
ENGL 390, 390H, and (sometimes) 398V Class Journal
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Entries by Marybeth Shea (1076)
Week 2: class culture and some previews
Happy Monday! The Chiefs and the '9ers headed to the Superb Owls event. Puppy Bowl never disappoints.
Today, we will look at these resources, so that you are more confident about where we are going-->UPDATED LINKS 10:45 AM
- These two slide sets
- Set 2: Audience Analysis by Relationships (commentary on Set 1 frame we looked at last week)
- Set 3: Booth's two Triangles
- A visit to Eli Review (you DID watch the short video, right?) where I will show you selected pages from last semester. My goal here is to show you that in the Eli Review Writing Prompt, I gather and link the teaching resources you will need to complete that assignment. Strategic redundancy is an audience-friendly writing technique that you can imitate.
- What is a mentor text and why should you care?
- Think example. Students always request writing examples, especially exemplars.
- Look at the whole via the frame of audience-centered work. Then,
- Look at the writing craft choices that make this test work. Note them and imitate selected ones for your work.
- DO NOT COPY THE MENTOR TEXT WHOLE CLOTH.
- How many assignments this semester? Three assignments each with several required draft/peer revision iterations. Within these three assignment processes, we will learn
- cognitive and critical thinking frames, as well as
- meta discourse
- counting out
- strategic redundancy
- definition work before major content and within major content
- curated hypertext links
- cognitive wedge
- writing craft choices like
- voice
- paragraph sizing
- transitions between paragraphs
- topic sentence strategies
- colon v. semi colon
- AND MORE, including how to cite properly for each context. Hint: referral links are a type of semi-formation citation. I use links in this teaching platform, for your convenience to GIVE CREDIT. Pusheen is an example.
- cognitive and critical thinking frames, as well as
Knitting up from last week. Here is my favorite Science Pusheen just now. (Is a large image and you cick to see entirely WHEN you wish. FIXED on Friday,!Most on their phones will wait until a desktop moment.)
Kelly Stanford, Illustrator. Sometimes writing efforts, though good, are rejected! :(Previewing Wednesday? We will look at the five canons in this slide set from my website section "Visual Learning"--> "Slides."
TASK: we need a groupMe!
Mea culpa comment: we will look at the hobbled two search engines in the navigate bar and note that AI is changing search engines at lightning pace.
Marybeth Shea
Tis Wednesday!
We will loop back briefly to repeat some key critical thinking ideas from the slide sets. Triangles are your friends.
We will look at the five canons of Aristotle (optional link to short homeschooling web exhibit), combined with writing process models. This eight-slide set links to a Padlet, which I would like you to look at.
Pause: three short craft lessons in the two-sentence paragraph just above-->
curated links are reader friendly (hypertext is fabulous tool)
spelling numbers out that are single digits (one-through-nine; 10!)
hyphens can help clarify what is being modifiedeight-slide set
fast-sailing ship or fast sailing ship
Bonus! We will look together at a Google search about hyphenation and ships!
Bonus 2! We will look at my Google search widget on the SS class journal
Pause: one ethos question, which is a critical thinking frame; Why did Mb send us to a k-12 home schooling site?
Now, on to the cognitive wedge (also a triangle). That link takes you to a Google doc, with photo-jpgs from me to teach online. I used to draw cognitive wedges on white board and before that? Chalk boards, some green and others black. This idea, of the wedge, is mine. Should patent or copyright this. Hah.
Friday preview: Inquiry question for you. What do doll houses have to do with thinking through true crime complexity. Answer to be posted on Friday morning. Class is NOT mandatory but I do want you to read the post and think. Think. I will be at the class link for those who have questions. I can also start to work my way through the ADA letters. Make sure that you send those to me through the Support Office ASAP.
Now, history video for fun. What is the Cutty Sark (UK Greenwhich Museum) (and I do not mean whisky whiskey, which one is correct?). This short video has NO voice over but does use captioning. All videos can be thought of as a text, with this type really embodying that idea. Hint: closed captions help videos be more accessible.
Class recessional: Sound is on. At 53 seconds, a cutty sark reference is made. One of the best bass lines, ever, right?
Marybeth Shea
Happy Friday! I will be avaialbe for questions or even hello -->
- 9-9:50
- 11-11:50.
From Wednesday, am pulling forward this Padlet (educational web presentation tool) about writing process models. Preview below, which when clicked, takes you to the larger view. Padlets are best on laptop/desktops where the long horizonal access helps you see detail. One of the visuals should look familiar to you as a classroom chart from about grade two through high school. Indeed, the "splash" image shows a clip of that clasic wall chart. I want you to look at the models that show recursivity. Writing requres recusive work to write, check, think, share, to revise into a better document suited to audience context and purpose.
You do not need to click into the activities. You may, if you wish, think about them.
Now to the inquiry question: what do dollhouses have to do with crime solving. This Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) hosts this web exhibit about Frances Glessner Lee's "Nutshell" models. This Atlas Obscura article host many large images showing the level of detail in these crime scene recreations. Generally, her scale is 1/12, which is the standard for most dollhouses.
What is the Baltimore connection? The physical objects -- dioramas, room scenes, models, etc. -- are now housed in the Baltimore Medical Examiner Office. The public cannot typically visit though some tours are possible. Here is a Flickr set of of 40 photographs that some might enjoy. Here is one, where the question would be did she fall or was she pushed?
What is the point? I try to show visualization techniques, especially on Fridays. I hope you will enjoy, even though this one is a bit macabre.
For Monday? We will start thinking about memo one and the content area of rain gardens, a type of low impact development pioneered in Prince George's County and at the University of Maryland. As you walk around campus you could notice the many marked and even unmarked rain gardens we enjoy.
Crtical thinking? Perhaps the diaramas of death can help you think about the five canons of
- Invention building the scene by researching details
- Arrangement arranging objects according to the information that help detectives
- Style adapting 1/12 dollhouse techinquest (odd charm is created!)
- Memory TBD Monday briefly
- Delivery a nutshell of the act
Welcome to Spring 2024: Week 1 (Wed, Fri)
We will primarily use this platform as our class space. I will post entries as a combination of what to read and what we spoke about in class.
By Monday, January 29, this should be the primary place for us to engage. I will use ELMS for student email as well as the ELMS calendar to prompt you on assignments.
Ideas we will discuss this first week including:
- critical thinking frames
- writing craft skills and choices
- audience-centered writing
- strategic redundancy
- peer revision / drafting
- labor grading
Tools will we use include
- GoogleMeet, compared to Zoom
- Squarespace and this class journal
- Eli Review (you will buy a subscription that is about 20 dollars; Not until week 2)
- Padlet
More on Friday. Most Fridays, I offer a little lesson on science visualization. Enjoy this clip from Twitter->
Find her Science Pusheen series here. Hope this makes you happier. Did you find your field? Or one of the classes you are now taking represented here?
Marybeth Shea
Happy Friday. Ice cream at the Terp shop, anyone? I would.
Today, we demonstrate a few things about how the course works. But first, we loop back (this is a teaching/learning strategy) and
- pick up things not fully explored, as well as
- review things that are complex or important (strategic redundancy).
Counting out is a good way to remember things. Here, looping back has two critical thinking/remembering aspects. Why the characters from Dr. Suess?
New items for thought-->
We will look at some slides (MbS slides linked on SS (nickname for Squarespace)that pick up on the logos/ pathos/ethos rhetorical triangle from classical rhetoric. Go Aristotle! We will look these slides next week, too. Expect to learn about-->
- Audience/Context/Purpose (another triangle from Aristotle).
- Booth's integration of Logos/Pathos/Ethos and Audience/Context/Purpose triangles.
- Burke's use of dramatism in thinking about how to address a rhetorical situation (Shakespeare makes a brief appearance)
- The five canons -- not cannons -- of rhetoric.
- Stasis theory, or how to divide and conquor complexity.
Knitting up (another way to say looping back), let's chat -->
- Labor grading respects the time you must invest in reading. Reading makes good writing possible in so many ways. I give you a grade for doing this reading. Your effort and labor. matter to me.
- Document design is your friend for reading efficiency and recall of idease.
- This Class Journal is a mentor text for you to imitate and adapt for your uses.
Reading expectation for Monday: Please read this reading stratgies guide. The Google doc is layered, with links. Explore those links. You can skim this document due to document design as well as my teaching goal for most our reading: learn the special languages of thinking and writing. We DO NOT HAVE QUIZES to ensure that you reading. Instead, I assume you will read. And, i give you labor grades for the effort.
Week 15: sliding into the break (after some finals bumps!)
Good morning. Last day vibes, here. One part wistful and most parts grateful for all y'all.
Three resources you have seen before that I will look at for the most common lapses in the final submission-->
- Checklist (includes the celery-colored flow chart
- Reading grid (consult YOURS that you work with (you HAVE ONE, right?)
- That cognitive wedge (large baggy image from last week) that represents labor in thinking (both reading and writing)
Paragraphs that need work by many? These last paragraphs that we have been considered. Remember, there is no writing ever without rewriting.
- Closing paragraph
- You do not need a symphonic chord closure or magician's ta dah. Try
- Recommendation for further reads (curate link including to an abstract of research article is good)
- Use of your ABT statement even if you already used this set of AND/BUT/THEREFORE ideas earlier.
- Application, time to useful application, prediction, caution, policy note.
- You do not need a symphonic chord closure or magician's ta dah. Try
- Stats/logos of number paragraph (pick one)
- Use first person to show that this paragraph includes YOUR OBSERVATION, even if you also use the reflective prose of the researchers
- Use Manchester U Phrasebank for help with this sort of science critical thinking within prose
- General critical analysis of research paper (pick one)
Good news! CRISPR (Nature editorial, 11/23) approved for sickle cell therapy, in addition to a second FDA-approved option. Looks like cure or near cure is in the wings. Huzzah! May all who need this lifesaving, life changing, pain-ameliorating therapy have real access (costs now approach 1M). STEM is for human flourishing.
TONIGHT: ER Review Task DUE for both Atlanta and Boulder Trains.
People ask me about extra credit options. I have an idea and involves curated pictures (Google slides, natch) of what we talk about in class. Email me/needs to happen quickly.
Will hold digital office hours on Wednesday and Friday, 9-9:50 and 11-11:50.
May the rest of the month be low friction on the way down. And, stick the landing. Cheering for you.
Post a Comment
Week 14: one week left; critique; statistics/number logos critical thinking
Last week! Lions and tigers and bears, O my!
SKIM READING ONLY these complex topics linked (more on this in class).
Review/self-check: does your document look like a lemon? Does the reader slide off through your critique into a few, closely related conclusory ideas?
Does your document look more like a pear? Here, the reader moves through your critique into several caveats about conclusions, complexity about conclusions, policy context etc.
Hint: most people will rely on the lemon shape.
Now, onto the hardest analysis piece: evaluating the statistics used to vet the arguments made about data inference. Statistics overview in class this week. I urge you to talk about statistics/logos critical thinking with your science and math professors. To warm up, the ManU Phrasebank includes a "Describe quantities" section. Then, check out the "Reporting results" section, which will help your read your paper's use of statistics or number logos.
You will get better in the future about this critical thinking as you mature as a scientist: Promise! For example, in my field of ecology and environmental science, we are in a quiet riot over frequentist, mutivariate, and Bayesian statistics. This was an assigned reading for me, in one of my classes. Here is another.
For biomedical researchers, you may appreciate this analysis of the limits of p-values in biomedial research.
Please look at your research articles for Wednesday, noting the type of statistics tool/logos of numbers (web exhibit with short definitions) used. Look these up in some way to have a working definition for yourself. Common tools or tests from student papers over the last 15 years include:
- p-values
- confidence intervals
- Student's t test (and corrections)
- analysis of variance (ANOVA); one-tail, two-tail
- power
- sample size
- type of study/limits -- observational study, case note, double-blind
I recommend using the link above to warm up your brain with a short working definition (remember this critical analysis tool from the rain garden memo?) and then go to Wikipedia or even a text book to read about your selected term(s) for more detail.
The pre-reading activity will help you enter into the complexity. Cognitive wedge is also your thinking friend.
I simply want you to know about this area within science articles, even if you do not understand now the statistics. You would not be alone among scientists, if you don't. I don't, in many cases. However, I want you to leave this class with an understanding of this important piece of critical thinking for your field.
One key idea I can wax on about, though, is cautions about the (very limited) definition of significance testing and p-values. For fun, enjoy this comic.
More generally, your critical analysis can comment on findings, your ideas or your close reading the author critique. The ManU phrasebank is really helpful. Here are a few selections that I copy/paste here for you. From the "Being critical" section, see these categories-->
Introducing problems and limitations: theory or argument
Introducing problems and limitations: method or practice
Using evaluative adjectives to comment on research
Introducing general criticism
Introducing the critical stance of particular writers
Practical note on dividing your critique: use separate paragraphs for specific discussion on stats/logos of numbers vetting from your more general critique. For this class, you can pick one limiation to comment on, even though in real life, you would look at more than one weakness. In someways, to focus on one represents a short presentation at a conference. In a seminar setting, you would present more than one weakness. Again, the ManU Phrasebank is so helpful. From "Discussing findings"-->
Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
Another source of uncertainty is …
A note of caution is due here since …
These findings may be somewhat limited by …
These findings cannot be extrapolated to all patients.
These data must be interpreted with caution because …
It could be argued that the positive results were due to …
These results therefore need to be interpreted with caution.
In observational studies, there is a potential for bias from …
It is important to bear in mind the possible bias in these responses.
Although exclusion of X did not …, these results should be interpreted with caution.
However, with a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be …
| It is possible that these results | are due to … are limited to … do not represent … have been confounded by … were influenced by the lack of … may underestimate the role of … are biased, given the self-reported nature of … may not be reproducible on a wide scale across … |
Marybeth Shea
Hello to Wednesday. About the statistics thinking we consider, please know that I want to introduce ideas to you that you can consider and refine over the next ten years. One goal is for you to know that even statistics is a place of complex knowledge and procedures that relies on human, expert judgement. Here is a good web article about p-values from Editage. The article is arranged in a list of six points to think critically about this statistical test, the wise application, and how to interpret what p-values mean. This interpretation includes the limits of p-value thinking. Here is my preview definition of the ideas in this piece (cognitive wedge!).
- Using a p-value test can mean that your data set does not fit the related statistical model; this means that the poor values might me you picked the wrong test for your study design. Fix? Consult a statistician in the design phase.
- (I would place this key definition FIRST.) P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true (though thinking this is helpful), or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone. Instead, p-values really look at the null hypothesis utility. In class, we will talk a bit about scale of vision. At high altitude, we can think of p-values and this testing in this way. However, technically, we have the step of accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis.
- Human judgement matters more than p-values. P-values are part of an exacting critical analysis. Scientific conclusions, by researches and readers, as well as business and/or policy decisions should not be based solely on desired aka low p-values.
- Ethics matter! Proper, robust, and intellectually responsive inference-making requires full reporting and transparency. P-hacking manages to slip through because researchers are not fully honest in their full data set choices and the timing of those choices.
- Statistics help us make meaning. Meaningfulness is not assured by significance testing. A p-value rooted in significance testing does not signal or confirm the importance of a result. Related: a p-value does not measure the size of an effect (For the implications of this huge limitation,see No. 6-->).
- By itself, a p-value does not adequately nor responsibly measure evidence quality; likewise, a p-value can not confirm the intellectual integrity of a study design, supporting model/theory or even the research hypothesis.
Let's talk about power. Many of us look at sample size and conclude the robustness of a finding based in part onn a larger sample size. What is large any way? Depends on research context and even a discipline. You want to ask in the future after you look at sample size this question. How does power work here? Did the researchers even report this important statistical quality? Retuning to Editage, this short piece on statistical power (three minute YouTube explainer by a biostatistian) will help you.
Bottom line: I want you to think about these ideas. Write in the way that you can. I will NOT assess the content for you. Hint: if you plan to use this piece as a writing sample for grad school, either take the stats analysis paragraph out or consult with a mentor in your field.
Train Atlanta? Train Birmingham? Check your ELMS calendar and make your choice. As in a real train, you cannot change trains while in transit.
Marybeth Shea
Happy Friday. I hope you have a change to walk about or bike about (my fave transport) and even drive to see holiday lights. Diwali, Hanukah, and Christmas all share the use of lights to help us (Northern Hemisphere) as the days grow short and nights grow long. Midwinter on the December Solstice (night of Dec 20/sliding into Dec. 21) is the low point of the distribution and then we pivot and climb back out of the darkness toward longer days.
Did you see what I did there? I introduced a data/math assessment of December light+dark volumns. Hah! So did Dan Bridges, software developer. Enjoy his slider visualization and this just-linked Fred Marlton about how sliders work. Both short web exhibits include code so that you can see their wizardry and perhaps adapt for your uses.
--
Come visit today if you wonder about how to do your stats/logos of numbers paragraph and your more general analysis paragraph(s).
- 9-9-50
- 11-11:50
I have a rough short google doc explainer with some phrases concerning ANOVA use. Thanks to JS, for this request. I am happy to make more and share here as well as send to the requesting student. At the end of this explainer, I link to these places that might help some students in this work-->
How to Report Two-Way ANOVA Results (With Examples)
How to Report t-Test Results (With Examples)
How to Report Chi-Square Results (With Examples)
How to Report Pearson’s Correlation (With Examples)
How to Report Regression Results (With Examples)
The source of these above links is Statology, a consulting group that shares knowledge as way to build cllient relationships with people needing stats support. Note: the language here reflects how a researcher can write about their use of tests as they report results, draw inferences, and defend their conclusions in an article. You can use this writing as mentor sentences and phrases for how you can comment using their writing. Use first person voice to make clear when you are speaking, even if you invoke your researchers. Then, you can shift to third person.
OWL is also helpful for you as you read about statistics and write about this important aspect of science research reporting.
- WRITING WITH STATISTICS
- Quick Tips On Writing with Statistics
- Descriptive Statistics
- Writing with Descriptive Statistics
- Basic Inferential Statistics: Theory and Application
- Writing with Inferential Statistics
- Statistics and Visuals
- Key Terms
More on p-values at Khan Academy. Here is one- (7-minutes video plus time-divided guide)->
DO NOT FORGET THE ASSIGNMENTS TONIGHT FOR BOTH TRAIN Atlanta and TRAIN Boulder! You have ER Writing Task links in your ELMS calendar and in a class email to all of you, within ELMS.
Week 13: post TG week-fest and on to wrapping up semester
Damp and chilly. Have a warming beverage today in a glass, ceramic, pottery, double-wall metal thermos, or in a hard stable plastic cup. Rain coat day, says Trixie. 
Pulling up from last week, let's look at a craft lesson and a critical thinking method-->
- Colon v semi colon (sample-rich html piece) and even the power of the period to close a thought (terminal punctuation)
- Fun way to think on the counting out power of three, four, and perhaps even seven. Why did I spell those one-decimal place numbers out as prose?
- From your grid
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Visual reminders about colon and semi-colon: In class, I will use two stacked, closed fists for the colon and two stacked fists, one open and one closed to help you remember. Here is one image to work with, clipped and linked from this teaching exhibit.
Side note: Requesting help from two or more students to make these images for us. Details in class. Sure wish we had an animator, too, to capture the power of the punch that the colon embodies. You have seen an aspect of the semi colon hand symbol I will show that this is the bunny paws memonic about punctuation to set off apositives. Remember that? Here is a visual reminders-->
Synthesis of the bunny paws, signal phrases/citation alerts, and a handout you have seen embellisment (where you add information in front of the subject-verb pair, at the end of the subject verb pair OR you break the subject-verb pair).
According to Rachel Ray..... (sentence beginning/according to is a powerful phrase to set up ethos or trustworthiness.
Back to assignment 3: You will use according to and other signal phrases to make clear the work of your authors.
Pigeon and colleagues found that...
According to other neuralgia specialists, Pain's findings in this study offer...
One application of Perez's method is...
Clinicians can apply these bio-social aspects of pain management immediately, according to the authors in their discussion section.
Combining signal phrases with YOUR VOICE to show YOUR THOUGHTS/CRITIQUE/ANALYSIS-->
I remain confused by Pigeon's insistence on using Cochrane review techniques only.
In addition to admiring Pain's study design, I appreciate her clear discussion for patients so they can understand how physicians approach pain scales.
We can learn a great deal about study design by focusing on the methods section in our reading; Perez and colleagues designed an elegant soil profile sampling apparatus. Further, they give detailed instructions for how to build this device from PVC pipe, available at hardware stores.
Preview of Wednesday: The Manchester University Academic Phrasebank.
Connecting conclusions at Man U with our work --->
Walk out music to help us remember (sound plus video) about COUNTING OUT. |
Marybeth Shea
Why did I loop back to pick up the apositive or short phrase punction craft skill? Simply, I want to give you an opportunit to increase your skills with definition work. Recall that in your first part of the analysis, you will define terms in a paragraph. These are the foundational ideas that you share so that your motivated but inexpert reader can follow your analysis. Reminder of these beginning definitions-->
BEGINNING with definitions. You can consider bullets. These work well when the concepts are closely related. For example,
ONE) Let's review PCR types before we look at Guerro's modifications in her study:
- Polymer chain reaction (PCR) tests for....
- Quantitative PCR (qPRC)...
- Pyro sequencing ....
TWO) The treatment studies for Patel's rice productivity work examine subtle soil pH variability in spring crops typical of terraced fields in SE Asia. The soil categories, based on surveys of Thailand posted at the UN FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) data base:
podulized categories 3-8
spodosoil category 6
hydropodosoils (two) designed for this experience but based on FAO emerging research linked here.
More complex definitions might need their own paragraphs. Consider defining what a highly conserved gene is and how that work helps scientists use animals for human disease. In my work with farmers and nitrogen scientists, i need to define Q method, which tests subjectivity rather than objectively. Farmers get this but scientists tend not to.
We have a second definition craft move (think helpful chess moves shared with the reader) called nested definitions. Here you place a phase near the discussion set off by
- commas (bunny paws). -- MOST COMMON
- parentheses (bunny ears) -- for SMALL references, often with discinplinary patterns like genus species or conversion of units between metric and English
- dashes (bunny back feet) -- LEAST COMMON but exciting and can signal surprise, novelty, or importance.
These nested definitions can appear within your point paragraphs.
Revisiting the colon-semi-colon craft lesson of Monday--> Punctuation marks help readers by
Segmenting text into digestible units.
Controlling the reader’s processing rate.
Providing inflections that help define the meaning of words.
Colon principles
For clearly defined lists at the end of a sentence.
To connect two short sentences, that are related.
To connect one sentence to a key or essential clause (Mb says, a "ta dah!"0
Never use a colon to divide a verb from its complement.
Never use a colon to divide a subject from the rest of the sentence.
Never use a colon after including, for example, etc.
Colon examples (Incorrect examples are preceded by X)
We conducted three tests: hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell count.
The results are clear: The drug is safe and effective.
X The most frequently reported adverse events were: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
X This facility: screens, sorts, and quarantines mail.
X We conducted a number of tests, including: hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell count.
-----
Semicolon principles
To replace coordinating conjunctions (and, but, nor, or, so, yet) connecting independent clauses.
To punctuate a series whose elements are already punctuated.
Before conjunctive adverbs connecting independent clauses.
Semi-colon examples (Incorrect examples are preceded by X)
One adverse event was reported; its cause was unknown.
Larval feeding habits of flies include the following activities: parasitizing beetles, moths, and other insects; mining in fern leaves, stems, and other plant tissue; burrowing in carrion, offal, and dung; and scavenging decaying vegetation.
Phenytoin is effective in the treatment of status epilepticus; however, large doses may compromise cardiac function.
X We conducted a number of tests, including; hemoglobin; hematocrit; and white blood cell count.
Punctuation can matter in astonishingly exacting ways, especially in legal contexts!
- Case 1: Omitting the penultimate (second to last) comma cost a Maine dairy company nearly $5 million. Said dairy company settled a 2017 lawsuit over an overtime dispute with milk delivery drivers. Documentation from the company to drivers was the subject of that ruling and hinged on the use of the Oxford comma. In short, An absent this "Oxford comma" will cost that dairy company $5 million, to be awared to drivers in this labor dispute.
- Case 2 :Reported yesterday, widely in many print and broadcast news sources. My summary) Former Vice President Mike Pence wrote a book, In this book, he wrote that he said this statement to former President Donald Trump:
“You know, I don’t think I have the authority to change the outcome.”
Reportedly, Special Counsel Jack Smith (in the Mara Lago security documents case) asked Pence in grand jruy testimony if that comma was supposed to be in there; Pence, under oath, said that the comma was not.
In other words, sans comma, what Pence actually said to Trump was this:
“You know I don’t think I have the authority to change the outcome.”
Comma placements and writer's intent matter. Pence's reflection on his meaning appears to be an acknowledgment that Trump knew that Pence didn’t have the authority to change the election results. In legal terms, what Smith is exploring is mens reas -- from Latin, "guilty mind" -- essential in estabilishing defendant intentions for a crime.
BONUS: see the nested definitions
?
Marybeth Shea
TGIF, right? Please post to the Eli Review WRITING TASK linked in both your ELMS mail and calendar.
Will be here to chat with you, as needed. Check in later with your ELMS Calendar today because I will post the SCHEDULES FOR Atlanta Train v. Boulder Train. Let's consider the A Train first with this song by Billy Strayhorn and made famous by the Duke!
Why do we have a train metaphor for the end of the semester? Why NOT? Simply put, I want you to commit -- aka buy a ticket for the early train of Atlanta or the next train of Boulder.
From Monday Dec 4 on out, we will have separate TRAINS to wrap up the semester, with modified prompts to reflect the different needs/schedules of students. Look at your finals schedule and decide which train to board.
TRAIN ATLANTA
Friday, Dec. 8, ER WRITING task of your current draft (will be your last interaction on drafts)
Monday, Dec. 11, ER REVIEW task to your peer group on the ATLANTA TRAIN
Friday, Dec. 15, PARKING LOT FOR FINAL SUBMISSION OPENS FRIDAY; try to submit by Monday, Dec 18.
TRAIN BOULDER
Friday, Dec, 8, ER WRITING task of current draft
Monday, Dec 11, ER REVIEW Task to your peer group
Friday, Dec. 15, ER WRITING Task of current draft (last peer interaction)
Monday, Dec., 18, ER REVIEW Task to your peer group
WEDNESDAY, Dec 20 PARKING LOT FOR FINAL SUBMISSION OPENS submit by Friday, Dec. 2
Train to Boulder? You have a song, too.
