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Oops, science is POWERFUL!
ENGL 390, 390H, and (sometimes) 398V Class Journal
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Entries by Marybeth Shea (1046)
Week 13: Beginnings and endings (similar), definitions/descriptions, reading
Articles have beginnings, middles, and ends. Think Lemon-shaped. Interestingly, beginnings and ends have similarities. We have a number of options; look at these seven strategies for opening (Google doc based on CAIN, Rice University). Some rough thoughts about formality and audience type:
News article openings are good for the lay audience. Why? Several strategies:
- highly visual
- interesting case
- hook with tidbit of interesting information
- topic (timely)
For technical audiences, open with
- review of logos (detail of costs, population size, enormity of problem)
- controversy
- new application or breaking news
We hook the reader at the beginning. Being successful here relies on thinking about our readers. Science and technical readers are not leisure readers! Let's look at this recent article in PloS One about writing scientific prose. In Science, two scientists talk about how they read articles. Ruben writes with a somewhat lighthearted approach while Pain responds to his piece with her approach. Read the comments. Peek into the strategies of technical readers.
Arrangement matters in the IMRAD article. Here is one "bible" of writing (and reading) scientific prose: Mayfield Guide (open access courtesy of MIT). Now, let's look/review at the basic parts of the IMRAD article using these elements from Mayfield. (Take-away? Your opening will be different from the IMRAD opening but looking at these links will help you improve as a reader):
(In-class, brief discussion about the ETHOS paragraph. Please ask or type questions.)
- If you cannot find a first author author bio, focus on the last author. Let's review the conventions on order in authors. Here is a thoughtful NCBI/NIH article on first author conventions. Two additional resources are this 2010 open access piece at Science and this 2012 Nature short guidance article.
- You can also rely on the process of peer review and the journal ethos. One way is to consider the journal's impact factor. This is a crude tool and is like a baseball bat driving a safety pin into fabric.
- You can look at citations BUT consider the boundaries between scientific publisher ecosystems.
- Look up article in PubMed (a National Library of Medicine project, part of NIH).
- For tech/data sci pieces, you can explore the GitHub and/or Stack Exchange activity.
- Try the last name at Science Daily or Phys.org.
Writing craft lesson on article titles and journal names. Italics sourround article titles, while journal titles are italicized. as carrying the ethos of peer review. USE ITALICS! Do NOT put the long title of this article in your paragraph.) Let's discuss these two samples, familiar to you from last week-->
Kaspari s work on traditional, plant-based pigments in Romania, "A ethnographic field study approach to farmer accounts of their Morello cherry arboculture: the difference in local cherry liquors begins with horticultral sections stemming from the laste middle ages." This research article appears in the Journal of Food Science. Her 2010 ethnographic study is based on interviews with 250 families in ten villages.
In a 2010 study on Morello (sour cherry tree) cultivars, ethnographic researcher Kaspari found a number of genetic subtypes, some in use for hundreds of years. Appearing in the Journal of Food Science (July, 2012), this ethnographic analysis …..
We will use Monday's post to reflect on paragraph, arranging them, and using content particularly in the first three paragraphs within your stem/cognitive wedge of your fruit shape.
I am playing catch up with about 12 students who still own me things. I will, early today, post Friday's ER Writing Task. You will work with material you posted for last week's ER Task, refined by what your peer consultations show. We will add these:
- Use one or two of the seven strategies to try out for a hook opening;
- Refine your ethos paragraph
- NEWISH! List the definitions/description you will provide before turning to the three or four main body points.
- Try to divide into categories of main and supporting actors. This metaphor, where the definitions are characters, fits with the power of narrative structures.
- Here is an example from my work: Poultry production on the Delmarva Peninsula is a economic engine for these coastal, rural parts of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. (and) Poultry litter, which is a combination of excrement, bedding, food, and feathers, contains high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, which is used as a field fertilizer. However, the high water table and long coastline mean that N and P enter the water at amounts sufficient to degrade water quality. Therefore, environmental scientists work with poultry farmers to reduce N and P in their chicken production.
- Main characters (other than people)= broiler chickens, litter, N, and P.
- Supporting characters: water table, long coastline, microbes in the water, especially algae, dead zone.
- Preview: how are your points going? Are you an elongated lemon or pear shape? This means are you presenting four body paragraphs?
- Preview: You might want to use one of the sevens strategies to conclude. Can you combine with an application? This also if you are a lemon or pear in this closing of your piece. Many applications? Likely you close describing several, making your document a pear.
- Next week? We focus on analysis including statistics, numbers-logos, etc.
New week you must also chose to board the early train (to ATLANTA) if you plan to complete this assignment and turn in for a grade in the first part of finals/edd of class OR you board the later train (to BOULDER) if you plan to wrap up closer to the end of finals.
DO NOT FORGET YOUR ELI REVIEW WRITING TASK DUE THIS EVENING. We are at 5% completion as of 7:55 AM this morning. Get in there.
Happy Friday. Am meeting with a few people between 9-9:50 and 11-11:50 who will want some solo time with me. If you try to get in, just wait. You can also email me to secure a time. I will also be generous with the 10AM hour but need to do a quick dog walk to front and back yard. I expect you can infer meaning, there.
Critical thinking lesson about the ethos of an author (first author) and the journals they publish in--guidance.
- Use Google carefully, with these choices regarding how Google divides search into categories:
- Google SCHOLAR:See what comes up with the author's last name and some of the general topic (place in quotes).
- Google NEWS: perhaps this research makes an appearance in general news sources. This is not as common across all disciplines as, say, biomedical research. Use author last name, name of journal (in quotes), and the topic phrase (in quotes).
- As I noted earlier this week, try a similar search in Science Daily and Phys Org, as places that round up science findings and are open access to you.
- Shift from author last name to the journal more generally. Most journals are ethical places of authentic peer review. However, we do have the problem of fake journals and even ecosystems of journal farms that are totally fake! Read more about this problem -->
- 65-page PDF of fake journals by developing country scholar who notes that these scholars are targeted by these journals/journal farms. (date unclear).
- Johns Hopkins library research guide on this topic (updated on April 12, confirmed by email) that focuses on open access problems in fake journals. Highly recommend you read this and bookmark.
- This guide includes links that showcase responsible science publication in journals/processes that are less clear than the familiar journals-->
- This guide includes links that showcase responsible science publication in journals/processes that are less clear than the familiar journals-->
- Impact factor (presented in an informative, well-sourced Wikipedia page). We will talk about this metric more on Monday (and) Science and technical readers should know about this valuable ethos check. However, the impact factor is flawed. Therefore, we should talk about how to use this metric and know the limitations.
Do not forget that you have an Eli Review Writing Task due this evening. Do not hurt Trixie's feelings (pictured above) who wants all students (dogs) to go to (assignment/grades) heaven.
Week 12: ABT continued, science of counting to fit cognitive bins
Hello. Happy partial eclipse day to us all.
Housekeeping:
- I am enjoying reading your coffee cup memos (35% turned in by today).
- Be sure (subject is understood: you; is command structure+direct address) to complete your ER Reviewing Task that is a brief reflection on the prewriting of others.
- We will have an ER Writing Task on this Friday (to be posted in ELMS calendar/your inbox later today) that asks you to
- write one or two ABT statements about your research article and reflect on possible beginnings.
- Cognitive wedge of your article analysis will include three items:
- an audience-friendly opening,
- ABT statement that captures the main message of the article, and
- comments on the professional ethos of the first author.
- Cognitive wedge of your article analysis will include three items:
- write one or two ABT statements about your research article and reflect on possible beginnings.
Back to Olson's ABT work of last week: this is a framing technique that helps you understand the primary reason that the article has exigence (deserves attention). When the writer understands the main message (think narrative), then, the writer can arrange, select content, use tools to support a reader within their writing. To sum what to do and why: Use the
- And, but, therefore pattern of narrative from Randy Olson
- Why? ABT structure helps you see the main message (overall take-away)and supporting evidence (three or four items you select from the paper).
Let's look at a Google document overview with many environmental ABT statements in environmental science (link to Google Presentation set).
Clipped here from your reading grid (get in there!):
TaDAH!, in (2015 NYT) Andrew Revkin’s words (channeling Randy Olson, Trey Parker, and Aristotle), now write these for each article: BEGIN QUOTE
______ and _____, but _____, therefore ______.
Every story can be reduced to this single structure. I can tell you the story of a little girl living on a farm in Kansas AND her life is boring, BUT one day a tornado sweeps her away to the land of Oz, THEREFORE she must undertake a journey to find her way home. Mb here:END QUOTE.
Now, let's shift to another critical analysis tool: how counting out for the reader respects "bin theory" from memory studies. Also in your readind grid is (in the right-hand column, page.2 of 4)
Recall the “power of three, four, or seven” of George Miller (1956) BUT also look at this 2012 Science Daily summary of “four is magical” ; bottom line?
Three or four, plus perhaps subclusters of related ideas for a total of seven is a good strategy for audience cognition and memory.
- what three points do you want to make in a personal statement?
- for a research statement, what three central, formative experiences do you want to describe (lab, research group, even extensive paper you wrote) for the admissions committee?
- In a long research paper, what seven or so main points do you want to place in the center of your paper? Hint: some research papers need about seven or so main points of description/summary exposition before you go into three or four primary findings to discuss before you conclude.
Coffee cups turned in at 37%. Looks like I will have a big weekend upcoming of reading, thinking, reflecting, grading, commenting, etc. (Little craft lesson on parallel structure in sentence).
I do see that people are using well chosen referral links for readers and for the writer's need to punt or bunt and not have to explain everything. The books designed in a choose-your-own-adventure make me think of this useful technique. Look at how audience-friendly hypertext is for you to refer readers! However, many of you could improve the curation for the ethos angle (why this link?), platform alert (do not send to huge PDF; reader might be on device), and also a sense of datedness. Ethical duty here of supporting the reader.
New critical analysis skill (lemons and pears) grafted upon the cognitive wedge critical analysis idea. The beginning of the lemon and pear, reading from left to right, is like the point of the wedge. Help the reader enter into your document by
- hooking with a good beginning,
- establishing of research-article author ethos, and
- providing definitions/context to help reader see the fat portion of the document -- your three or four elaborated take-aways or points.
These three bullet points map to the job of the first three paragraphs of your one-article review (aka assignment 3). The ABT statement is the first paragraph for most writers of this document but can also be in the two other paragraphs. So, know that the ABT statement you are writing for Friday's ER Writing Task, can live in either of these three paragraphs. Also? ABT statements can be an effective way to wrap up your review and be part of the last paragraph. You are familiar with this technique from the five-paragraph essay also known as the extended constructed response (ECR). Here are ABT statements from previous classes that might help you (Google doc linked in earlier material but re-linked for your convenience.)
Let's look at the overall pattern for your one-article review in a celery-colored flow chart-->
Morning, there, science writers.
Am available between 9-9:50 and 11-11:50. I have three short items of writing craft for you:
- words have more than one meaning (drafting in writing compared to drafting in cycling),
- the block quote is a design technique to showcase ethos of another's writing, and
- the formal punctuation with ABT statements that use fewer sentences.
For ABT statements, you have this pattern and variations -->
information piece 1 AND information piece 2 BUT information/inquiry/condition that creates cognitive tension; THEREFORE, the consequence of the situation you describe. one sentence with formal punctuation at the therefore
information piece 1. [AND] information piece 2. [BUT] information/inquiry/condition that creates cognitive tension. THEREFORE, the consequence of the situation you describe. Separate sentences with formal punctuation, where the connectors are understood, signified by brackets.
information piece 1 AND information piece 2 BUT information/inquiry/condition that creates cognitive tension THEREFORE the consequence of the situation you describe.
information piece 1 AND information piece 2 (can be one sentence or two, using period(s) as you wish). HOWEVER, information/inquiry/condition that creates cognitive tension;(substitute for HOWEVER). SO, the consequence of the situation you describe. one sentence with formal punctuation at the SO. (substitute for therefore).
But and so are less formal words. You may have been warned to never start a sentence with "but"; you can use 'however' if that feels better. This style rule is not an absolute.
However and therefore are more formal words. The more formal punctuation style on these two words look like-->
...when native bees seek pollen; HOWEVER, not all garden plants bloom early enough for these insects coming out of winter hibernation; THEREFORE, this study looks at ten typical garden plants to document average bloom times in spring.
This punctuation convention developed to handle complex information in long, complex sentences. Hence the semicolon to assist readers pause and consider the importance of the connector (however and therefore), followed by a comma to also pause for the reader to then consider the content in the complex sentence.
Over time, we become less formal with language and punctuation, even in formal science/technical writing. In the US, we might want to writer three sentences this way:
...when native bees seek pollen. HOWEVER, not all garden plants bloom early enough for these insects coming out of winter hibernation. THEREFORE, this study looks at ten typical garden plants to document average bloom times in spring.
We keep the commas after however and therefore as this is the convention. You may find, however, that many writers just leave them off. I recommend keeping the commas here. Why? Punctuation can slow a reader down to contemplate meaning. Essentially, you the writer signal this pause to emphasize importance. What does this look like without caps on however and therefore?-->
...when native bees seek pollen. However, not all garden plants bloom early enough for these insects coming out of winter hibernation. Therefore, this study looks at ten typical garden plants to document average bloom times in spring.
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Let's close with a block quote that will also define what drafting is for people on bikes. Yet, this is also a metaphor for your peer work in Eli Review. You can draft off each other in a cycling or aerodynamic way. In this short 2017 web article from Cycling Tips is this quote:
So how much energy can you save from drafting? Interestingly, there seems to be little consensus among researchers that have investigated this topic. Studies have shown drag reductions of between 27% and 50% for riders that are drafting, with the exact reduction depending on a number of variables — the size and on-the-bike position of the rider in front, likewise with the rider drafting, the distance from the wheel in front, the direction and strength of the wind, and more.
de Vroet, Matthew
----- Mb here: in ER we work our drafts (documents in process; which is a noun) and we also draft (assist each other in the exertion, which is a verb) in our writing community. Better together!
Week 11 train leaves coffee cup station--> Assignment 3!
Is dreary today but rain is necessary for plants and people. We are sure glad for rain gardens to help with flooding, soil loss, and even pollution remediation.
Let's start with some due dates:
- Tonight! Last ER Reviewing Task for the coffee cup memo. GET IN THERE.
- Friday, I open up the coffee cup parking lot and you have one week.
- Friday, I will also open up a short assignment for your article review, Assignment 3
- You will need the abstract of your desired piece.
- Number 3 means you have an article now or will have one by Friday. Must be peer reviewed article of your choice. For comp sci/data sci students, please email me because your field publishes differently than many expert disciplines.
Now, on to more work thinking about transitions between paragraphs and even document sections. We have two metaphors for this. First up? muffin tin.
In the muffin tin metaphor, we chunk information into the tins, which is natural and good. We divide complex information to conquer the complexity. Doing this heaving cognitive lifting is necessary for analysis and even uses of the information. However, muffin tin "scoops" of information are largely the type of information that is joined by the conjunctive and. We have yet to introduction the powerful (also wakes up reader cognition) conjunctives of but (however) and or (contrast or choices or options). We have yet to introduce the power of therefore, where we create meaning and actions based on meaning. See the video below from Randy Olson.
One of Aristotle's canons for writing is ARRANGEMENT. The order and "chunking" of information matters very much for reader cognition and receptivity to what you write.
Now, the (Lego) train metaphor, where the cars are different, helping us think about and, but, or, and toward the end (caboose) of therefore.
Now, to the exciting and somewhat potty-mouthed Randy Olson, marine biologist, filmmaker, and science communication evangelist. (NOTE: Video fixed at 3:20, Monday)
Randy's work is the and, but, therefore framework, which we call ABT.
Let's think a bit about peer reviewed research articles and link this topic to ABT statements/framework:
- This google slide set about the research article.
- Keep a running grid on your reading. Copy this google doc to your drive. Reading IS essential to writing. Again, this is part of my case for labor grades. ABT statement is previewed here.
Happy Wednesday.
Today, will look again at the slide set linked above. We will also look at the reading grid posted there. This reading grid is your companion for assignment 3, the one-article review. You do have your article selected, right? Friday night's ER WRITING TASK about that article requires that you have one.
Note: the parking lot is now open for assignment 2, the coffee cup memo.
Sure is raining today. We are so glad that Cofman and Davis refined rain gardens as a bioretention tool. You know who else (likely) loves rain gardens? Why, Kermit the Terp.
Avaialble to you for 50 minutes at 9 and 11 AM.
For this week: Wrap up of ideas, primarily critical thinking frames to support you read the science research article you choose.
IMRAD is an arrangement for sharing complex knowledge.
- IMRAD structure is expected by most readers of technical literature; offers familiarity and efficiency.
- IMRAD structure supports writers, too. Most experiences researchers write the Results section first.
Think of the Introduction portion as a cognitive wedge approach. The information allows the reader to enter the complexity in stages. Note: typically, expert technical readers in the field sometimes skip this section, going right to the results section. Experienced readers do this for several reasons, with reduction of bias the primary one. You can also think that expert readers do not need the cognitive wedge to ramp up. Metaphor incoming: they simple leap and climb the high wall of complex knowledge. They are fit and prepared. Compare-->
You can also see that the IM portions of the document is rich description, summarizing background and sharing details about methods.
In the Results section, the authors pivot to analysis, with that work continuing in the Analysis commentary. Hints of meaning-making also occur in the RA sections. However, the Discussion section is where arguments are made about what the findings mean at at least three levels:
- comments on the research question, working hypothesis (sometimes more than one), as well as the study hypothesis, which is typically the null hypothesis;
- defends these findings, often with statistical thresholds as well a knowledge established in the field;
- comments on what can happen next
- for similarly-focused researchers
- those who will apply the knowledge in a field, especially for social benefit.
Do not forget your two ER Tasks open now. Prioritize this one, concerning your selected article. Consider also that the parking lot is open for the coffee cup memo. You have a week. Email me when you post.
Week 10 (hope your break was lovely)
Light post today. Topics that I touch upon include this list of most of your skills/approaches by now. Also, you have an Eli Review post due tonight. Recall that you are supporting each other. I implore you to be on time for each other.
In no particular order-->
- Commas help clarify details and complexity for readers
- Oxford comma YES
- commas set off appositives (think bunny paws but also recall that parentheses and dashes work, too)
- Caution: try to keep subject and verb together most of the time aka the Lego snap
- that-which distinction; basically (you can punctuate clearly, even if you are not sure)
- , which takes a comma
- that does not take a comma
- Counting out helps readers (and writers) keep track of where they are!) Imagine you, as a student, taking notes. You use the counting words to transfer to note cards, even deciding the number of cards.
- Definitions/descriptions are essentially in most documents and are skillfully placesd early on; additionally,
- within later portions, equally skillfully, as nested phrases often in appositives. More on that in Assignment 3.
- stasis 2 is the definition/description step in Stasis theory (a way to conquer complexity)
- definitions/descriptions are also the lion's share of description work, prior to analysis. Recall that distinction? And, people tend to describe more fully than they analyze. Make sure you include analysis in your documents.
- Cognitive wedge -- begin at the bottom of the hill and work up!
- Metadiscourse -- the language hovering above the content that helps readers keep their wits
- counting out
- voice changes that direct reader toward meaning and cognitive flow
- Strategic use of I/me/my and We/our to bring the reader in (creates warmth as well as wakes up reader)
- Third person voice for most reporting, summarizing, quoting, paraphrasing of technical information.
- Ethical move: Show your work!
- begin with conjecture (stasis 1), which is a question (working hypothesis) in most cases
- reveal analytical frame, which is also a way to limit the discussion
- show decision criteria, i.e. LCA
- Be ethical, reflecting the norms of science
- at end, acknowledge the other frame and the reasonableness of another way to plot the problem
- note the limits of one solution only, which is part of "people biases"
- we need to solve more than one problem at a time
- people are complex, especially in society
- Be ethical in the norms of work
- offer to do more (short memo)
- hint at other research you did that does not appear in memo/document
- try to be future oriented, including about directions in science/technology
- Topic sentences in paragraphs are signposts to the reader
- can allow readers to skim
- reveal paragraph content
- help readers hang on to meaningful content, before they enter more complexity
- Topic sentences are a kind of transition element, too, from the paragraphs/sentences that come before.
NEW class content! Speaking of transitions, we can look at tight and losoe transitions in this two-part Google doc presentation.
- tight transitions tend to be the same word or same phrase to pivot to new content
- loose transitions expand the word or phrase choices BUT still carry the linking sense for reader to new content.
Both types of transitions carry a sense of logical progression to this craft choice. Transition craft moves help keep a cognitive thread going for the reader. Another way to imagine this is via a Schoolhouse Rock Video. Thie one helpes us think about a transition strategyy based on three conjuction words: to think about the job of conjunctions, which are really places of joining/meeting. Why this video? And, but, or -- these are the most common metadiscourse jobs of transitions. When we move to a new paragraph, we tend to be saying "Dear reader, here is
- additional information (AND)
- counter or hedging information or limitation (BUT)
- additional information that offers the fork-in-the-road type (OR, not and).
Hello and happy (but chilly) Friday. Am available digitally between
9 and 9:50
11 and 11:50
Let's (contraction of let us, which is audience-invitation metadiscourse) have some visual lessons on commas.
Happy Friday,
See you in digital sessions at 9 and 11, for the 50-minute hour. Notice how I hypenated 50+minute to make that one adjective modifying "hour." Mini punctuation lesson, right there.
Let's have a visual round-up of comma lessons-->
Remember the food list part of my Oxford comma lesson earlier (rant, perhaps)? Enjoy this (article linked under image) -->
Do you enjoy XKCD? Here is his take on parentheses (bracket entry) from Wikipedia. I chose to "cite" him here, as is more accessible and funny. Hope you agree.
Ok, now how about a panda-inspired comma clarity lesson? Here we go-->
Eats shoots leaves (hmm, are all these words verbs? "Shoots" can be verb and can be a noun).
Eats Shoots Leaves (can capitalization help us? More verb-like)
Eats. Shoots. Leaves. (three sentences, with the subject of Panda understood)
Eats, shoots and leaves.
Eats, shoots, and leaves.
“There are people who embrace the Oxford comma and people who don’t,” writes British author Lynne Truss in her humorous punctuation book, Eats, Shoots & Leaves; then, she opines, “and I’ll just say this: never get between these people when drink has been taken.”
More on Monday, re the panda problem. Including several US writers ranting on this book.
See this web exhibit of ten funny black-ant-white (hyphens, again) illustrations of punctuation saves.
Week 8: thinking through coffee cup complexity
Good morning, hot beverage-obsessed!
We approach spring break, which splits up our drafting/reviewing/revising. Never fear, I will support you through this. I hope you can cogitate upon the problem during the break. Nothing improves thinking/writing more than time, punctuated by insight and consideration.
One resource, especially for those who want to work ahead is this Q&A document from previous sections. The Google doc is locked but the questions are perennial.
Now, let's talk about thinking. Here are few points about why this recommendation memo is so hard-->
- incommensurability -- without common measure (option seven-minute video explainer)
- life cycle assessment/analysis (LCA) -- a cradle-to-grave analysis that primarily uses the frame of energy efficient.
- Note: LCA analysis also has boundaries. For example, LCA experts (I am one, actually), note aspects like national, international, and even regional boundaries (geographic). We also deal with the problem of problem framing, sometimes calling this pre-analytical condition a boundary edge. For example, LCA work is starting to consider human health aspects, though this work is new and without many data sets to work with.
- I am aware of emerging LCA work (Germany, primarily, with EU colleagues) on material accumulation chains, that now encompass the physical limits of recycling, landfilling, incineration, and the like. Think: solid waste is pollution that takes space when we sink the material.
- I am also aware of efforts to look at the ocean, with particular problems for both climate change (ocean warming is part of planetary warming) and accumulation of ocean plastic. A sub area of concern here is bioaccumulation in food chains/food security/human health.
- Note: LCA analysis also has boundaries. For example, LCA experts (I am one, actually), note aspects like national, international, and even regional boundaries (geographic). We also deal with the problem of problem framing, sometimes calling this pre-analytical condition a boundary edge. For example, LCA work is starting to consider human health aspects, though this work is new and without many data sets to work with.
- human problem-solving is complex and we do truly need to work on more than one problem at a time
- however, our analysis typically must drill down to details and portions of problems
- later, we can attempt synthesis and priority areas for human problem-solving
- human problem require knowledge from the social sciences and the humanities. One conjecture would be why do we keep using single-use disposal options when we KNOW that these choices have serious environmental outcome that harm us all?
- You can look at the free rider problem (explains a rational for that behavior) from economics and
- the idea of nudging people in complex systems toward pro-social behavior
---
Now, many examples about the Oxford comma and why/how you should use in 99% of all writing. TLDR? Use the Oxford comma. We start with the book inscription example, classic; I was taught with the first example, circa 1978.
To my parents, Ayn Rand and God.
To my parents, J.K. Rowling and God.
To my parents, Stephen Colbert and Jon Stewart.
Now, we move to problems in newsprint. However, we should note that the paper and magazine style choices do not require an Oxford comma (will elaborate in class). In a newspaper account of a documentary about Merle Haggard:
Among those interviewed were his two ex-wives, Kris Kristofferson and Robert Duvall.
These two preceding examples are from Theresa and Nielson Hayden. Here is another doosie that cries out for a serial or Oxford comma. Many of these examples appear in the serial comma entry at Wikipedia. I can attest, as both a student and teacher, that these examples and similar ones appeared in teaching contexts even before they were placed in Wikipedia. I am sourcing these, again, as object lessons in citation, giving credit, sharing common knowledge, and building ethos with you.
The Times once published an unintentionally humorous description of a Peter Ustinov documentary, noting that
"highlights of his global tour include encounters with Nelson Mandela, an 800-year-old demigod and a dildo collector."
Now, to be clear, the serial comma does not always solve ambiguity problems, again captured in Wikipedia:
They went to Oregon with Betty, a maid and a cook –
- They went to Oregon with Betty, who was a maid and a cook. (One person)
- They went to Oregon with Betty, both a maid and a cook. (One person)
- They went to Oregon with Betty, a maid and cook. (One person)
- They went to Oregon with Betty (a maid) and a cook. (Two people)
- They went to Oregon with Betty, a maid, and with a cook. (Two people)
- They went to Oregon with Betty – a maid – and a cook. (Two people)
- They went to Oregon with the maid Betty and a cook. (Two people)
- They went to Oregon with a cook and Betty, a maid. (Two people)
- They went to Oregon with Betty as well as a maid and a cook. (Three people)
- They went to Oregon with Betty and a maid and a cook. (Three people)
- They went to Oregon with Betty, one maid and a cook. (Three people)
- They went to Oregon with a maid, a cook, and Betty. (Three people)
I use italics to help you focus on nuance meaning. Punctuation helps us with nuance, however imperfectly.
We can also look at the grocery list problem (me and so many teachers, not necessarily Wikipedia):
buying bread, jam, coffee, cream, juice, eggs, and bacon. VS
eating toast and jam, coffee and cream, juice, and bacon and eggs
Finally, we have a theme song to remember this punctuation convention.
Toward spring break--> this is time for your ideas to percolate, ripen, distill, ferment, etc.
Please post to the Eli Review (ER) Writing Task I emailed/calendared to you in ELMS BEFORE YOU LEAVE FOR SPRING BREAK. I will post a related ER Reviewing Task on that weekend. Here, the pattern diverges. The Review Task will be open during the week for those who wish to complete during the break. On the Monday we return, that Task will be DUE, though. And, then we plow through more content and craft strategies toward completing assisgnment 2 aka the coffee cup memo.
Today, I will talk more about why the Oxford comma is your friend and some of the limits of punctuation to be ultra clear. The general strategy here is to combine word patterns/choices with punctuation to keep people clear.
Then, we scroll back to remind you of guides and resources that will help you. Hint: I also placed two new resources within the ER Writing Task for this Friday. Go see them and see if they help you gain even more clarity on this memo's content and current drafting status.
Metaphor for this work--> vintage video game where Commander Keen moves horizontally (from left to right) to complete the game (like a reader) BUT faces pitfalls/gaps (cognitive challenges). You? The game designer who makes the gaps "leapable."
Hello. Am here via link at 9-9:50 and at 11-11:50. We can chat if you need to.
We are at 13% completion of the most recent ER Writing Task. Looking forward to the majority posted by Friday late evening. As you know, you can slip in before noon-ish on Saturday as I read them, reflect, and then write a class-centered post in an ER Reviewing Task. That ER RT will be due on the MONDAY WE RETURN. However, some of you may wish to work over the break. What I am doing here is called differentiated instruction, which is a way to customize the learning process for the needs and commitments of different students.
I wish for you a relaxing spring break, as well as a festive but very safe celebration of St. P's Day. To many of you, I wish for you a blessed Ramadan.
Might you wish to be inspired about thinking and performing? You could listen to two engaging podcasts that look at Carol Dwek's "growth mindset" and her colleague Mary Murphy's refinement of that concept: culture of growth (vs culture of (unconsidered) genius.
The host is Guy Kawasaki and hid podcast is Remarkable People.
Carol Dweck's episode
Mary Murphy's episdode
Note from Mb: I use Dweck and Murphy as thinkers who shape my design of our class. We can all be better writers, especially if we share the journey and work together.