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Oops, science is POWERFUL!
ENGL 390, 390H, and (sometimes) 398V Class Journal
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Week 8: working on your review
Google Meet link
From last week, worthy to revisit today:
- This google slide set about the research article.
- Keep a a running grid on your reading. Copy this google doc to your drive. Reading IS essential to writing. Again, this is part of my case for labor grades. ABT statement is previewed here.
Beginnings. The first two to- four short paragraphs are a cognitive wedge or on-ramp to your knowledge points (three to four key take-aways that you elect to share and elaborate).
Today, we talk about capturing the context in an ABT statement which stands for And-But-Therefore work, from wild man/ocean scientist-turned-filmaker/author Randy Olson. This statement sets the stage for your review and will appear within the first three paragraphs.
We will use the ABT -- AND, BUT, THEREFORE pattern to write a problem statement. Here are some examples:
- Abortion is a complex moral decision that is against some peoples' value systems. (and) Abortion is a legal gynecologic procedure. (but) Some Ob-Gyn practitioners are opposed, personally, to abortion. (therefore)
- I want to explore what requirements or exceptions are afforded to medical students in their training (first person use of meta discourse) OR
- Mozafari and Shea address this problem in their recent research article. Let's look at their findings.
- Climate change is occurring and scientists see health effects due to these global changes in temperature, moisture, and seasonal weather conditions. But few public health systems in equatorial regions can cope now with existing patient needs. Therefore,
- I will look at the ability of charitable organizations to fill in some of the gaps, with a focus on vaccination plans for possible prevention of ZIKA virus spread prevention. OR
- Mozafari and Shea's 2018 work looks at this inquiry. Let's turn to their methods section in. . .
- Most people equate "people of color" as primarily focused on Black people. (and). Many but not all Latinx people identify as people of color, typically as Brown. However (another word for saying "but"), most health disparity research focuses on Black populations. Therefore,
- I will look at cases where "Brown" sub populations are identified in a public health index (I will look at workplace risk, perhaps farm workers).
- a deep dive into Mozafari and Shea's work here on self identification of patient ethnicity. . .
- In the US, the three often named faith groups are Christian, Jewish, and Islam. (and) Other faith groups exists, too, including traditional Asian communities (Zen Buddhism, Japanese Shintoism, etc.). Yet (like 'but") few nursing programs prepare their graduates for these patients. Therefore,
- I will look at three or four belief systems not represented and describe their death and dying practices. OR
- Mozafari and Shea write about this cultural competence challenge in a 2008 paper. . .
See how these patterns can help you in the cognitive wedge portion of the document? And, the knowledge is a set-up or transition to the paper or to the ethos paragraphs.
Listen to the origin story of ABT patterns. Includes a huge hat tip to the creators of South Park. And, the presenter uses the FUDGE word loudly at the beginning. Caution.
Let's look at ABT statements from a 2016 environmental sciences workshop hosted by Randy Olson. More on Olson's narrative work by UMS environmental scientist William Dennison, in an illustrated book review.
Two additional resources for the review paper:
- Seven Beginnings from the Cain Project, hosted by Rice University
- Academic Phrase/Language bank from Manchester University.
Articles have beginnings, middles, and ends. Think Lemon-shaped (variation is pear). Interestingly, beginnings and ends have similarlties. We have a number of options; look at these seven strategies for openings.
Let's talk a bit about nuance in science findings, with a focus on relative risk, rate of coverage in a given area, and ways to think about vacinating children (five-11). We can also talk a bit about trade-offs, personal risk assessment (we are notoriously bad at this!).
For Friday, have a sense of three or four points. And, think on what shape your review will be.
- lemon-shaped document
- pear-shaped document
Let's look at this recent article in PloS One about writing scientific prose. In Science, two scientists talk about how they read articles. Ruben writes with a somewhat lighthearted approach while Pain responds to his piece with her approach. Read the comments.
We will talk about what type of article you have: research article, literature review, meta-analysis, proof, proof-of-concept, specialized application, method, opinion or memoir.
Here is the "bible" of writing (and reading) scientific prose: Mayfield. Now, let's look/review at the basic parts of the IMRAD article using this guide.
As promised, a flow-diagram to help you.
Why three or four take-aways? HINT: thinking in patterns of three, four, and seven will help you study in other classes. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128093930.htm
Spitballing on the CAIN seven openings:
- Tell a short story/be visual and clear about characters and actions.
- Use a current event.
- Capture the size of the problem (very large but sometimes very small works too)
- Open with huge social problem, perhaps a wicked problem.
- Use a smaller question to open a document.
- Quote a respected thinking, related to your problem/research question.
- Use statistics (related to number 3)
Flow chart for your article review document
Week 7: SHIFTING TO LAST ASSIGNMENT!
Google Meet link
Two presentations to look at this morning:
- This google slide set about the research article.
- Discussion about using UMCP Portfolium, today, for placing your two memos in the space, with reflection notes.
According to UMD Career Center Director Kelley Bishop, this short sentence may be the hardest interview question that you will face during your job search or graduate school application--and one that made be even more difficult to address in the current environment where most hiring and admissions are taking place virtually. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, professional hiring, development, and other practices had been moving more and more to the online environment. Correspondingly, this unit and this particular assignment prepare you to effectively meet the new virtual professional standards and practices.
From PWP/Writing Program guidelines:
One widely established virtual professional practice is the creation and ongoing curation of an electronic portfolio, or ePortfolio, which professionals use to display artifacts that demonstrate their knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications. These collections help prospective employees (including you!) develop and share a fuller picture of yourself with employers and colleagues—more than can be typically conveyed via a traditional resume, CV, cover letter, or personal statement.
You will use Portfolium software--now integrated into ELMS--to create your ePortfolios. You will have the option to keep your portfolio private, or if you choose, to share it with future employers and others. You will even have access to your Portfolium accounts after you graduate, allowing you to continue to revise and reshape your portfolio throughout your professional career.
Learning Objectives: As you work through the process of a planning, composing, and delivering your ePortfolio, you will develop your abilities to do the following:
- Identify and articulate skills, abilities, knowledge developed through academics, extracurriculars, work;
- Analyze and select representative artifacts that display those skills and knowledge;
- Articulate a unified, persuasive vision of yourself within your academic life and entering into your professional and civic life;
- Produce an ePortfolio as a rhetorical genre for professional development, career planning, and job seeking; and
- Display critical self-awareness and ability to analyze experiences and learning through reflective writing.
Keep a a running grid on your reading. Copy this google doc to your drive. Reading IS essential to writing. Again, this is part of my case for labor grades.
LeVar Burton knows a bit about the power of reading. Enjoy this short first-person account at the HuffingtonPost of how Reading Rainbow helped a PhD student prevail. Burton is a hero of mine. Enjoy these two Gifs!
Week 7: wrapping up coffee cup
Google Meet link!
Here is a link to the Office Hours in the Sky document from last week. Student colleague D asked that we keep this place open for questions until we turn in the memo for a final grade. Ok. I answered qeustions there, including one I added from looking at Eli Review: what about the block quote.
Upcoming: we will curate and reflect on these two assignments for inclusion in your Portfolium space provided you through campus. Why? These two documents are good writing samples that you may want to use.
Upcoming: next assignment is the close review of an article you choose. Be thinking on that.
Wondering about both types of COVID tests and holidays? Listen to this In the Bubble podcast with Andy Slavitt.
His guest for this one is Dr. Lisa Fitzpatrick, CEO of Grapevine Health, who is both a medical doctor and trained in government, politics, and policy. You can speed up the listen speed, if you like, but will need to use a podcast platform like Apple Podcasts, etc.
How about a checklist for the coffee cup memo? Here, the platform is a google sheet. You will see all sorts of items we have been discussion all semester about critical thinking and craft lessons.
Here is the rolling Office Hours in the Sky google doc, open for your questions. Do we need me to host tonight between 9-10? You have an Eli Review task (will open later today) for you to place the next version of your coffee cup memo for a final round of revision. Right now, the coffee cup memo is due Friday night for a grade BUT I want to touch base with the class about the poll in groupMe, about how to place the review task date/time and then the final version (Friday+ weekend) for a grade.
Do you have an article yet? Email me with the citation, if you are not sure.
Week 6: Coffee cup aka problem solution memo continues
Google Meet here
Check out your ELMS calendar for new dates on Eli Review, as we propel each other forward in this complex document.
We are still working off WEEK 5's guidance below, especially the flow chart (pale yellow-green large image). I have a few writing/thinking craft lessons:
- Focus on difference between description and analysis (key critical thinking skill) in this linked google doc (use the links, please)
- Metadiscourse (counting out is a metadiscourse strategy) and voice propel the complexity forward with flow (science examples in this short google doc)
- Empty subjects, in the four-page google doc
Here is a dummy text exhibit in Google docs using lorum ipsum about the coffee cup memo pattern. Here are questions from last yea in an interactive google doc. Let's look at some and ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS, too.
Office Hours in the Sky /AMA doc by popular request. Thank D for this. I will host between 9-10 Friday night. BUT, we can keep this document open for questions until you turn in for a grade.
Friday! Here is your live Eli Review writing task of a first draft for peer collaboration. Be on time for each other tonight by 11:45. I want to open up the review task so you can complete by Sunday evening. We will have a second round of revision on this difficult assignment. However, working hard now is an investment in strengthening your writing.
Little craft lesson on dangling modifiers
Ok, now the grammar convention lesson of the day on dangling modifiers. This point reflects the wonder of our brains to figure out stuff and the limitations of language and YET, we can pay attention to these problems and revise them. Why? Because science wants to be precise and accurate and clear. Watch out! Opening clauses of sentences MUST MAKE SENSE with the subject. Consider the cognitive silliness of these examples:
Come on! Pianos DON'T WALK, ESPECIALLY ON STREETS.
TRY: While walking down the street, BUFFY was hit by a piano that fell from the third floor apartment at 314156 Pie Street.
Note: use the passive construction here, so that the opening clause FITS or MODIFIES the subject of the sentence. Writing requires a balance of principles. Don't apply the rules like a young lawyer on steroids.
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SECOND example: Using standard flu inoculation measures, infected hamsters developed pneumonia anyway. Hamsters wielding syringes? I don't think so.
THIRD example: Flushing the birds out, the hunter turned to thank his trusty dog. Dogs flush birds and other prey out of brush. Hunters and other people flush in delicate situations.
For fun, when pianos are murdered by pickle people.
Week 5, cont.: leaving rain gardens for coffee cups
Coffee cup memo: paragraphs and an arrangement
Google Meeting here.
This NEW memo content is more complex and wide-ranging. Transitions are a way to thread the cognition for our busy readers. Your first memo focused on the definition stasis, with a evaluation move at the end.
Now, our boss wants a problem-solution memo about the type of coffee cup we use in our firm. Therefore, we need to frame this work with the stasis of policy (what ought we do).
Did you read about the limits of paper and plastic recycling? Even if you do not know this, the area is generally common knowledge. Citation hint: you may find helpful open access referral links in your quest. Referral links can be helpful sources when you want to share current and specific information. For example, see this 2019 Science Daily research summary on polystyrene, sunlight, and persistence as a pollutant. Note: Science Daily is a really good science journalism site that you can use as an open access referral link for many writing contexts.
Back to our boss: Jane wants a coffee cup policy for the office that is "green." OK, that is the content for your invention. Here is rough working arrangement (paragraphs):
CLASS DISCUSSION ON PROBLEM FRAMING!!!! Wednesday 9/29
POLITE OPENING, with your recommendation that previews your final policy paragraph
CONJECTURE PARAGRAPH Problem description (our office situation, with quantifiers), with reference to national. international size of the problem
CONTEXT PARA(s) Environmental problems (energy efficiency ->climate change AND persistence of plastic in ocean -> food chain disruption)
YOUR WEIGHTED PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD (revealing your pre-analytical frame or bias)
DEFINITION-->CAUSE/EFFECT information
Coffee cup types (how many? Can we do this in one paragraph or do we need one per coffee cup type? Use counting technique of two or three)
PIVOT PARA from backgrount to ANALYSIS PARAS
Decision criteria (HINT: Life cycle analysis, and define this; use an EPA source) HERE, this definition helps us move to the VALUE paragraphs
CAUSE/EFFECT continued (system) -->VALUE (Harm or benefit)
Martin Hocking's work on life cycle analysis of paper v. Styrofoam
Charles Moore's work on size of ocean garbage patches
POLICY/ RECOMMENDATION (restate your recommendation, with qualifiers, as one does in science land)
Science/Research support (remind about evidence discussed above in VALUING PARAGRAPHS)
Qualification (concede reasonableness of the other position)
Concrete examples (2)
Sentences that can help you as topic sentences or transitions sentences between paragraphs
Any analysis of coffee cup choice requires use of life cycle analysis.
Life cycle analysis -- also known as cradle-to-grave -- helps capture the entire environmental effect from origin and inputs through use and, importantly, to disposal.
In my analysis, I weight [name environmental problem] more heavily than [the other problem].
Life cycle analysis can help us understand this difficult question about coffee cup sustainability
We have two choices in coffee cups: paper or plastic (Styrofoam).
Martin Hocking conducted the first -- and to date only -- peer-reviewed analysis of the energy embodied in coffee cup choices.
Charles Moore is among the first to alert us to the huge problem of persistent ocean plastic.
We will work through the above next week, using stasis theory. COME TO CLASS. For Friday, you will need a working draft of this short memo for peer review. Monday, the memo is due in hard copy for a my evaluation.
Lesson on paragraphs, here for early in your memo, in the definition/description move (STASIS 2) where we also need to address context. Skill?: Coherence in a paragraph (sample content but the paragraphs might not be complete for the purposes of your coffee cup paper):
"Meh" paragraph
Plastic and paper cups pose problems for recycling. Ceramic cups are very energy intensive to produce. Recycling seems environmentally-sound. Paper does not degrade deep within most landfills and the plastic coating is also difficult. Not all plastic can be recycled. You need to check the bottom of the container. Landfills are increasingly full. There is a huge "patch of garbage" in the Pacific Ocean. Supply chains of garbage recycling, especially plastic do not really work.
Note: can you see the compare/contrast move here, even in this meh or necessary draft version?
Better paragraph
Paper and plastic both pose disposal problems. First, not all plastic can be recycled. Check the bottom of the plastic container. "No. 1" and "No. 2" types can be recycled by most facilities. Second, paper does not degrade deep within most landfills because of low oxygen conditions. The plastic coating also interferes with decay. Landfills are increasingly full. There are several huge "patches of garbage" in the Pacific Ocean. Recent analysis suggest that China is a source of this garbage.
Note: do you see a place for a referral citation, using the Seattle news article posted earlier? Can you find a more general article that you can refer to, about the limits of recycling and landfilling? Recall that this information, now, at this level of detail is common knowledge, even if you do know this.
Even better paragraph (can you see the re-thinking of content as well as sentence-level revision)
Paper and plastic both pose disposal problems. First, not all plastic can be recycled. Check the bottom of the plastic container. "No. 1" and "No. 2" types can be recycled by most facilities. Second, paper does not degrade deep within most landfills because of low oxygen conditions. The plastic coating also interferes with decay. Landfills are increasingly full, with paper and plastic part of the waste stream. Not all plastic is recycled or landfilled. According to the Algalita Foundation, huge "patches" of garbage in the Pacific Ocean are further evidence of of the environmental harm posed by plastic.
Note: do you see another place for a referral citation? Should we build a new paragraph with this information?
Visual to help you plow through this work below (flow chart/conceptiual diagram) For now? Read about the problem. The only peer reviewed sources you need are from
- Martin Hocking, chemist, on the energy embodied in each cup type (use environmental science/tech library data base through campus); and
- Charles Moore, marine biologist, on ocean plastic including styrofoam; use a peer reviewed source where he is a co-author.